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Mamnuucyada caaga ah ee HAL-ISTICMAALO
Mamnuucyada caagagga ah ee keli-isticmaalka ee dalal kala duwan

Bannaanka caagagga ah

Xeerarka Mamnuucidda Caagadaha ee hal-isticmaalka ee Kanada

Juun 22, 2022, Dawladda Kanada waxay daabacday Xeerarka Mamnuucidda Caagadaha ee Hal-isticmaalka (Xeerarka), gudaha Kanada Gazette, Qaybta II. Xeerarku waxay mamnuucayaan soo saarista, soo dejinta, iibinta iyo dhoofinta 6 qaybood oo caag ah oo hal la isticmaalo (SUP). Qaybaha alaabadu waa bacaha wax lagu iibiyo, qalabka wax lagu gooyo, alaabta cuntada laga sameeyo ama ay ku jiraan balaastiig dhib badan, sidayaal giraanta, ulaha walaaqaya iyo cawska.

Xeerarka Mamnuucidda Balaastigga ee hal-isticmaalka ee Maraykanka

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Maraykanku ma saarin xayiraad caag ah oo hal la isticmaalo heer federaal, laakiin mas'uuliyaddan waxaa qaaday gobollada iyo magaalooyinka. Connecticut, California, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, New York, Oregon, iyo Vermont dhamaantood waxay mamnuuceen bacaha balaastiga ah. San Francisco waxay ahayd magaaladii ugu horeysay ee gebi ahaanba mamnuucday bacaha 2007. Inta kale ee California waxay dhaqan galisay mamnuucidii bacaha ee 2014, tan iyo markaas waxaa jiray hoos u dhac 70% isticmaalka bacaha gudaha gobolka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaad weli ka heli kartaa bacaha bacaha dukaamada raashinka, maadaama sharciyada aan si wanaagsan loo dhaqangelin dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay. New York waxay wajaheysaa xaalad la mid ah, maadaama bacaha laga mamnuucay gobolka 2020 laakiin ganacsiyada qaar ayaa wali sii wada qaybinta; mar kale inta badan ay sabab u tahay habacsanaanta fulinta xeerarka wasakhowga. Qaar ka mid ah kuwan waxaa loo nisbeyn karaa COVID-19, kaas oo adkeynaya dadaallada lagu dhimayo isticmaalka caagga ah. Kor u kaca galoofyada, waji-xidhka, iyo PPE-da kale waxay waxyeelo u geysteen caafimaadka baddeena. Tan iyo bilowgii masiibada, baddu waxay arkeen in ka badan 57 milyan oo rodol oo qashinka la xiriira COVID. Si aad u fiican, iyada oo dunidu ay bilaabayso inay ka soo kabato saameynta masiibada, dareenka ayaa ku soo laabanaya saameynta balaastikada ee deegaanka, iyada oo la adkeynayo xoojinta. Faafida ayaa keentay dareenka mar kale sida ay u daran tahay dhibaatada wasakhowga caagga ah, iyo siyaasado badan oo yaraynta wasakheynta ee la hakiyay ama dib loo dhigay ayaa mar kale la dhaqan gelinayaa.

Iyadoo la eegayo mustaqbalka, Waaxda Arrimaha Gudaha ee Maraykanku waxay sheegtay in marka la gaadho 2032, badeecooyinka balaastigga ah ee hal mar la isticmaalo laga saari doono jardiinooyinka qaranka iyo qaar ka mid ah dhulalka guud.

Gobolada iyo dhulalka Australiya waxay ballan qaadeen inay mamnuucaan caagadaha la isticmaalo.

Mamnuucidda Dawladda ACT ee hal-isticmaalka caagadaha, kicinta cabitaannada iyo weelasha cuntada iyo cabitaannada polystyrene ayaa bilaabmay 1da Luulyo 2021, iyada oo caws, ulaha suufka iyo caagagga xaalufka ah laga saaray 1da Luulyo 2022. Qayb saddexaad oo balaastiig ah oo la mamnuucayo, taarikada caagga ah ee hal-isticmaalka ah iyo baakadaha caagga ah ee polystyre, baakadaha fidsan ee la ballaariyay iyo microbeads balaastikada ah ayaa la mamnuucay 1da Luulyo 2023, waxaana raaci doona bacaha culus 1da Luulyo 2024.

Mamnuucida Dawladda New South Wales ee balaastikada hal-isticmaalka ah waxay bilaabatay 1-da Noofambar 2022, mamnuucida cawska caagga ah, kiciyayaasha, qalabka wax lagu gooyo, taarikada iyo maddiibaadaha, alaabta adeega cuntada ee polystyrene ee la fidiyay, ulaha suufka caaga ah, iyo microbeads ee qurxinta. Bacaha wax iibsiga ee khafiifka ah ayaa meesha laga saaray 1da Juunyo 2022.

Dawlada dhexe waxay ballan qaaday inay mamnuucdo caagadaha hal la isticmaalo marka la gaadho 2025 iyadoo la raacayo Istaraatiijiyada dhaqaalaha wareegtada NT, iyadoo soo jeedinaysa in la mamnuuco bacaha, cawska iyo kiciyayaasha, bacaha balaastiga ah, maddiibado caag ah iyo taargooyin, polystyrene la fidiyay (EPS), weelasha cuntada macaamiisha, microbeads ee alaabta daryeelka caafimaadka shakhsi ahaaneed, baakadaha macaamiisha EPS iyo bacaha daboolan. Tan waxa ku jiri kara bacaha culculus, iyadoo ay ku xiran tahay habka la tashiga.

Mamnuucida Dawladda Queensland ee caagadaha hal-isticmaalka ah ayaa bilaabmay 1-da Sebtembar 2021, iyada oo mamnuucaysa cawska caagga ah ee hal la isticmaalo, wax-kiciyayaasha cabitaanka, qalabka wax lagu gooyo, saxarada, maddiibado iyo weelasha cabitaanka ee polystyrene. 1da Sebtembar 2023, mamnuucida waxaa lagu kordhin doonaa microbeads balaastiig ah, ulaha birta suufka ah, baakadaha polystyrene ka buuxo ee dabacsan, iyo sii daynta tirada badan ee buufinnada hawada ka fudud. Dawladdu waxay sidoo kale sheegtay inay soo bandhigi doonto heerka dib-u-isticmaalka ee bacaha 1 Sebtembar 2023, kaas oo dhaqan gelin doona mamnuucida bacaha culus ee la tuuri karo.

Mamnuucidda Koonfurta Australia ee balaastikada hal-isticmaalka waxa ay bilaabatay 1-da Maarso 2021, mamnuucida cawska caagga ah ee hal la isticmaalo, kiciya cabitaanka, iyo weelasha cabitaanka ee polystyrene iyo caagadaha oxo-degradable 1-da Maarj 2022. Alaabooyinka kale oo ay ku jiraan bacaha qaro weyn, koob caag ah oo hal mar la isticmaalo iyo caagadaha la mamnuucay20 weel

Sharciyada Dawlada Fiktooriya ee mamnuucaya balaastikada hal-isticmaalka ah ayaa bilaabmay 1 Febraayo 2023, oo ay ku jiraan caws balaastiig ah oo hal la isticmaalo, qalabka wax lagu gooyo, taarikada, kiciyeyaasha cabitaanka, weelasha cabitaanka iyo cuntada polystyrene, iyo ulaha suufka caaga ah. Mamnuucida waxaa ku jira noocyo caag ah oo la dumin karo, oo la burburin karo oo walxahan ah.

Dawlada Galbeedka Australiya waxay soo saartay sharciyo lagu mamnuucayo taarikada, mawjadaha, koobabka, qalabka wax lagu gooyo, kicinta, cawska, bacaha dhumuc weyn, weelasha cuntada ee polystyrene, iyo buufinta heliumka siidaynta 2022. Marxaladda labaad, oo ay ugu wacan tahay bilawga 27ka Febraayo 2023, koobabka qaxwaha / daboolka la qaado ee ay ku jiraan caag, caagadaha caagga ah shafts, baakadaha polystyrene, microbeads iyo balaastikada oxo-degradable ayaa bilaabi doona in la mamnuuco (inkasta oo mamnuucidu aysan dhaqan gali doonin inta u dhaxaysa 6 - 28 bilood ka dib taariikhdan iyada oo ku xidhan shayga).

Tasmania ma samayn wax ballanqaad ah oo lagu mamnuucayo balaastikada hal-isticmaalka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee mamnuucida caagadaha hal-isticmaalka ah waxaa fuliyay golaha magaalada ee Hobart iyo Launceston.

Caagadaha hal mar la isticmaalo ayaa mamnuucaya gudaha England

Laga bilaabo 1da Oktoobar 2023 meheraduhu waa in aanay keenin, iibin ama bixinin qaar ka mid ah shay caag ah oo la isticmaalo gudaha England.

Mamnuucidda alaabtan waxaa ka mid ah

● Iibka iyo sahayda khadka tooska ah iyo kuwa aan farmashiyaha laga iibsan karin.

● Alaabooyinka kaydka cusub iyo kuwa jira.

● Dhammaan noocyada caagagga hal mar la isticmaalo, oo ay ku jiraan biodegradable, compostable iyo dib loo warshadeeyey.

● Walxaha gabi ahaan ama qayb ka samaysan bac, oo ay ku jiraan dahaarka ama dahaarka.

'Isticmaal kali ah' macneheedu waa shayga waxaa loogu talagalay in loo isticmaalo hal mar oo keliya ujeeddadii asalka ahayd.

Ganacsiyadu waa inay

• Isticmaal kaydka jira ka hor 1 Oktoobar.

● Soo hel waxyaabo kale oo dib loo isticmaali karo oo aan ka ahayn shayada la isticmaalo.

● U isticmaal walxo kala duwan oo aad u isticmaasho balaastigga.

Haddii aad sii waddo bixinta balaastiig la mamnuucay ka dib 1 Oktoobar, waa lagu ganaaxi karaa.

Waxaa jira qaar ka reeban mamnuucida, taasoo ku xidhan shayga.

Taarikada, maddiibado iyo saxaarad

Laga bilaabo 1da Oktoobar waa inaadan siin xubnaha dadweynaha caagadaha, saxarada iyo maddiibado-la-isticmaalka ah.

Xayiraadaha Midowga Yurub ee balaastikada qaarkood ee hal la isticmaalo

Midowga Yurub wuxuu ka shaqeynayaa wasakhowga caagga ah. Laga bilaabo 3da Luulyo 2021, taariko balaastiig ah oo keli ah la isticmaalo, qalabka wax lagu gooyo, cawska, ulaha buufinta iyo burooyinkeeda suufka ah laguma dhejin karo suuqyada Wadamada Xubnaha ka ah Midowga Yurub. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabbir isku mid ah ayaa quseeya koobabka, cuntada iyo weelasha cabitaanka ee laga sameeyay polystyrene balaariyay, iyo dhammaan badeecooyinka ka samaysan bacaha oxo-degradable.

Alaabooyinka balaastikada ah ee la isticmaalo waxaa laga sameeyaa gabi ahaan ama qayb caag ah waxaana sida caadiga ah loogu talagalay in la isticmaalo hal mar ama wakhti gaaban ka hor inta aan la tuurin. Sida ku cad xeerarka cusub, badeecooyinka caagagga ah ee la tuuro ee beddelka ah ayaa la mamnuucay. Tallaabooyin gaar ah ayaa sidoo kale la soo bandhigay si loo yareeyo isticmaalka alaabta qaarkood.

Xeerarka Mamnuucidda Caagagga ee Shiinaha

Shiinaha ayaa had iyo jeer ahmiyad weyn siinaya saamaynta deegaanka ee qashinka balaastikada ah waxayna ahayd mid ka mid ah wadamadii ugu horeeyay ee soo saaray " mamnuucida balaastikada ". Horraantii Juun 2008, Shiinuhu wuxuu bilaabay inuu hirgeliyo "mamnuucida caaga ah", iyada oo loo marayo kabaalka qiimaha, si loo kordhiyo kharashka bacaha, si loo kiciyo oo loo kobciyo wacyiga dadweynaha ee ilaalinta deegaanka, saameyntu waa mid cad oo dhan. Xogta la xidhiidha ayaa muujinaysa in celceliska heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee isticmaalka bacaha balaastikada ee Shiinaha uu hoos uga dhacay in ka badan 20% ka hor 2008 ilaa in ka yar 3% hadda. Laga soo bilaabo 2008 ilaa 2016, isticmaalka bacaha wax iibsiga ee bacaha ee dukaamada waaweyn iyo suuqyada laga dukaamaysto ayaa guud ahaan hoos loo dhigay in ka badan 2/3, iyada oo la dhimay isugaynta ilaa 1.4 milyan oo tan oo bacaha wax iibsiga ah, oo u dhiganta dhimista kaarboon laba ogsaydh ku dhawaad 30 milyan oo tan. Xadka caaggu wuxuu door wanaagsan ka ciyaaray dhisidda Shiinaha quruxda badan iyo wax ka qabashada isbeddelka cimilada.

Mamnuucyo caag ah oo badan ayaa imanaya...